ReviewBiomedicines2025
Cytokines Meet Phages: A Revolutionary Pathway to Modulating Immunity and Microbial Balance.
Review in Biomedicines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacteriophages in the treatment of cutaneous infections and skin disorders: therapeutic advances and future directions.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Exploring the ecological drivers of bacteriophage diversity and functional viral potential in the skin of the axolotl Ambystoma altamirani.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Polysaccharide-Modulated Gut Microbiota-Immune Axis in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Modern Insights From Traditional Pharmacy.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Review
- The mycobiome, virome and archaeome in gastrointestinal cancers: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of phage therapy in red hybrid tilapia challenged with Klebsiella pneumoniae.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Bacteriophages as Therapeutic Agents for Pulmonary Infections: From Biological Principles to Clinical Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Across the Social Network of the Gut: Bacterial, Fungal, and Viral Determinants of Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Dysbiosis of the enteric DNA virome correlates with the development of cachexia in a murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Phage therapy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Application of bacteriophages in the prevention and control of bacterial infectious diseases in animals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Harnessing phages in the age of antibiotic resistance: immunological perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage cocktail in drinking water suppresses systemic avian pathogenicCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2026Article
- Filamentous Phage for Therapeutic Applications in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Brain Metastases: Recent Prospect.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Preventive Immunology for Livestock and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in the One Health Era: From Mechanistic Insights to Innovative Interventions.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- The microbiome in cancer.iMeta · 2025Review
- Role of the Virome in Vaccine-Induced Immunization.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Phage Therapy in Managing Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Infections in Cancer Therapy: Innovations, Complications, and Future Directions.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Gut microbiota: a promising new target in immune tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Precision bacteriophage therapy for multidrug-resistant recurrent urinary tract infections: From biological rationale to clinical translation in Taiwan.Tzu chi medical journalReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a unique and fascinating group of viruses, known for their highly specific ability to infect and replicate within bacterial cells. While their potential as antibacterial agents has been recognized for decades, recent research has revealed complex interactions between phages and the human immune system, offering new insights into their role in immune modulation. New evidence reveals a dynamic and intricate relationship between phages and cytokines, suggesting their ability to regulate inflammation, immune tolerance, and host-pathogen interaction. Herein, we review how phages affect the production of cytokines and the behavior of immune cells indirectly by lysis of bacterium or directly on mammalian cells. Phages have been shown to induce both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses and recently, they have been explored in personalized immunotherapy, cancer immunotherapy, and microbiome modulation, which are the focus of this review. Several challenges remain despite significant progress, including practical obstructions related to endotoxins along with host microbiome variability and regulatory issues. Nevertheless, the potential of bacteriophages to modulate immune responses makes them attractive candidates for the future of precision medicine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.