Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40426722›Full record

ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Promoting Peer Interaction and Acceptance Among Students with Special Needs Through an Experiential Learning Program.

Hsiu-Ming Lin, Szu-Yin Chu, Wen-Hsuan Chang, I-Hsuan Lo, Hsin-Ting Peng

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hsiu-Ming LinDepartment of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
Szu-Yin ChuDepartment of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.ORCID 0000-0002-1302-2343
Wen-Hsuan ChangDepartment of Educational Psychology, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77840, USA.
I-Hsuan LoDepartment of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
Hsin-Ting PengDepartment of Special Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.

Funding

National Science and Technology Council 113-2627-M-008-001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesInclusive education emphasizes positive interactions between students with and without special needs to foster mutual understanding and acceptance. This study explored the effect of an experiential learning program (ExL Prog) on interaction and acceptance between students with and without special needs. Based on Kolb's ExL theory, this study explores how the ExL Prog fosters experiential learning, reflection, and mutual growth through activities that enhance interpersonal skills, promote empathy, and create an inclusive classroom environment where students with and without special needs deepen their understanding and acceptance of one another.

methodsThe study used a mixed-methods approach with 2 students with special needs and 16 students without special needs from the same sixth-grade class. Researchers divided participants into two groups: one intervention group that underwent the 8-activity ExL Prog and one comparison group that participated in regular activities. Data collection methods included questionnaires, interviews, and feedback forms, which enabled qualitative and quantitative analysis.

resultsThe results indicated the implementation of the ExL Prog facilitated increased opportunities for positive interactions between students with and without special needs. Regarding attitudes of acceptance toward students with special needs, students without special needs in the EXL group demonstrated lower scores than those in the control group in the cognitive dimension, higher scores in the affective dimension, and no significant difference in the behavioral dimension. The program fostered mutual listening, respect, and understanding, particularly among the intervention group, which promoted empathy and supportive relationships among participants.

conclusionsThe students in the ExL Program developed a greater understanding of others and reflected on improving their relationship-building approaches. This transformation fostered increased openness, goodwill, and mutual reciprocity, promoting growth in interpersonal relationships and communication skills.

Indexed as

acceptanceexperiential learningpeer interactionstudents with special needs

Identifiers

PMID40426722
PMCPMC12109870

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LicenceCC BY
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.