Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40426582›Full record

ReviewAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Copper Complexes: A Review.

Kwanele Ngece, Vuyolwethu Khwaza, Athandwa M Paca, Blessing A Aderibigbe

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kwanele NgeceDepartment of Chemical and Earth Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-3955-1083
Vuyolwethu KhwazaDepartment of Chemical and Earth Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-4875-1535
Athandwa M PacaDepartment of Chemical and Earth Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Blessing A AderibigbeDepartment of Chemical and Earth Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-1157-7481

Funding

Govan Mbeki Research and Development Council GMRDCSouth Africa Medical Research Council SAMRC
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The alarming increase in antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for novel therapeutic agents capable of combating resistant microbial strains. Copper complexes have emerged as promising antimicrobial agents due to their intrinsic redox activity, ability to disrupt microbial membranes, and interactions with vital biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. This review critically evaluates the antimicrobial potential of copper complexes reported between 2018 and 2025, emphasizing their structural diversity, mechanisms of action, and biological performance against a wide range of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Key findings reveal that Schiff base copper complexes, amino acid derivatives, heterocyclic ligands, and mixed-ligand systems exhibit potent antimicrobial activities, often surpassing standard antibiotics. Mechanistically, copper complexes induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inhibit enzyme function, cause DNA cleavage, and compromise cell membrane integrity. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses indicate that ligand type, coordination geometry, and lipophilicity significantly influence antimicrobial efficacy. Overall, the reviewed studies support the development of copper-based compounds as viable candidates for antimicrobial drug development. This review also identifies current challenges and gaps in knowledge, such as limited in vivo studies and toxicity assessments, which must be addressed to advance these compounds toward clinical application.

Indexed as

antibacterialantifungalantimicrobial activitybioinorganic chemistrycopper complexesmechanism of actionmetal-based drugs

Identifiers

PMID40426582
PMCPMC12108479

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.