Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40426176›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2025

Burnout trajectories among healthcare workers during a pandemic, and predictors of change.

Kristina Bondjers, Philip Hyland, Dan Atar, Jan Olav Christensen, Kristian Bernhard Nilsen, Solveig Klaebo Reitan, Leiv Arne Rosseland, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Hilde Wøien, John Anker Zwart and 2 more

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Article in BMC health services research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kristina BondjersNorwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway. kristina.bondjers@uu.se.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-1011
Philip HylandDepartment of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-7128
Dan AtarInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-8793
Jan Olav ChristensenGroup for Work Psychology and Physiology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-7526
Kristian Bernhard NilsenSection for Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4492-2387
Solveig Klaebo ReitanDepartment of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3469-6822
Leiv Arne RosselandInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-8117
Tore Wentzel-LarsenNorwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-4162
Hilde WøienDivision of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-4112
John Anker ZwartInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5721-0154
Grete DybNorwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-3665
Synne StenslandNorwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4462-3969

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhile several cross-sectional studies have suggested high burnout levels among health-care workers (HCW) during the Covid-19 pandemic, fewer studies have examined longitudinal trajectories of burnout.

objectivesTo examine (1) trajectories of change in levels of burnout among Norwegian HCW during a one-year period in the mid-phase of the Covid-19 pandemic (second, third, and fourth incidence rate peaks), and (2) how demographic and occupational variables, and pandemic-related experiences (e.g., own infection, severe infection in family, friend, or colleague, caring for deceased patient with Covid-19) were associated with such change.

methodsBurnout was measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Latent growth curve modeling was used to estimate trajectories of burnout symptoms, and predictors of starting point and rate of change in burnout levels.

resultsStarting points of burnout scores were, on average, low-to-moderate. Women, younger HCW, those living alone, and nurses had higher initial scores. Overall, burnout scores remained mostly unchanged across the study period. However, lower burnout scores at the initial assessment were associated with increasing scores over time. Being exposed to patients with Covid-19 and having a Covid-19 infection were associated with increased burnout over time.

conclusionsWhile burnout symptoms among frontline health workers remained stable across the peaks of the Covid-19 pandemic overall, the study identified higher risk of worsening symptoms over time among certain demographic (younger personnel, females, and nurses) and highly exposed individuals and groups. These findings may be helpful for identifying frontline workers at particular risk of burnout during future public health emergencies.

Indexed as

Burnout, ProfessionalCOVID-19Health PersonnelAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNorwayPandemicsRisk FactorsSARS-CoV-2BurnoutCovid-19 pandemicHealthcare workersLatent growth curve model

Identifiers

PMID40426176
PMCPMC12107841

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.