ArticleHealth research policy and systems2025
Strategizing towards the future hospital: a systems thinking approach.
Article in Health research policy and systems, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perspectives from healthcare providers and decision-makers on strategies toward a future hospital: qualitative insights from a group modelling process.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Decomposing the effects of changes of population size, age-sex profile, health status and residual factors on growth in hospital activity in English hospitals: an ecological database study from 2011-2019.BMC health services research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe complex systemic nature of Future Hospital design in the rapidly ageing city-state of Singapore calls for systems thinking. We apply this approach to answer two research questions: (i) What are the variables that drive the present and future dynamics of the Future Hospital system? (ii) How are these driving variables related?
methodsCausal loop diagrams (CLDs) were developed collaboratively by a cross-functional system modelling team through group modelling discussions and reviews, totalling 20 sessions. Network analysis of the resulting CLDs was used to identify dominant variables.
resultsSeven interlocking CLDs (national view, cluster view, and study hospital top level, outpatient, emergency department, inpatient and surgeries and procedures views) were created to serve as "boundary objects" for different Future Hospital stakeholders, as well as researchers and planners of other Future Hospital systems. Important feedback loops and 15 interventions for redesign were identified. In all the modelled services (outpatient, emergency, inpatient and surgeries and procedures), capacities are subject to positive feedback loops. Alternative models of care are needed to restrain ever-increasing demand. Need for agility (the need for ability to quickly deploy and pivot capacity in responses to crises) is the variable with the highest betweenness centrality in the combined network of seven CLDs.
conclusionsWe address the need for greater openness on Future Hospital initiatives by making our resulting logic maps public. Due to their qualitative nature, the CLDs are insightful for Future Hospital strategic planning exercises globally.
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