Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40426073›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Environmental risk factors associated with community diarrheal disease in Ethiopia.

Devin LaPolt, Sage Smith, Lina Gazu, Silvia Alonso, Amete Mihret Teshale, Binyam Moges Azmeraye, Galana Mamo Ayana, Dessie Abebaw Angaw, Desalegne Degefaw, Ariel V Garsow and 6 more

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Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Devin LaPoltDepartment of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. lapolt.2@osu.edu.
Sage SmithCollege of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Lina GazuHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Silvia AlonsoHealth Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Amete Mihret TeshaleNational Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology Reference Laboratory, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Binyam Moges AzmerayeThe Ohio State Global One Health Initiative Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Galana Mamo AyanaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Dessie Abebaw AngawDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Desalegne DegefawThe Ohio State Global One Health Initiative Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Ariel V GarsowDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Aaron BeczkiewiczDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Getnet YimerDepartment of Genetics, Penn Center for Global Genomics & Health Equity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Michala J KrakowskiCollege of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Robert ScharffDepartment of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Eyasu T SeyoumThe Ohio State Global One Health Initiative Eastern Africa Regional Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Barbara KowalcykDepartment of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Funding

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1195603
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDiarrhea is a major contributor to mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, where access to improved sanitation and clean water is limited. Identifying factors associated with diarrhea across geographical regions and age groups can inform resource allocation toward water infrastructure, healthcare, and disease mitigation. The objective of this study was to identify environmental risk factors associated with diarrhea in the general population across multiple communities in Ethiopia.

methodsA prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions in Ethiopia from October 2021-October 2022. REDCAP mobile app was used to collect data during face-to-face interviews using a structured, pretested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics characterized household environmental exposures. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with diarrhea.

resultsA total of 2,436 households participated in the study. Of these, 10.3% of households reported at least one case of diarrhea during the previous four weeks. Household animal ownership varied by site, with Addis Ababa reporting the lowest animal ownership and Harar reporting the highest ownership. Across all sites, pit latrines without covers were the most common sanitation facility. Water piped to yard was the most frequent source of drinking water and most households did not use treated water (boiled/filtered) when handling food. No environmental factors were associated with diarrhea in Addis Ababa. In Gondar, drinking water from unprotected wells was associated with increased odds of diarrhea [COR:4.81(95%CI:2.03,11.43)]. Dry season was associated with decreased odds of diarrhea compared to short [COR:0.42(95%CI:0.24,0.75)] and long rains seasons [COR:0.55(95%CI: 0.34,0.88)]. In Harar, drinking water from communal taps was associated with increased odds of diarrhea [COR:2.02(95%CI:1.32,3.09)].

conclusionMultiple environmental factors for diarrhea were identified. Given the variation in factors by site, strategies for intervention and management should be community-specific. These factors can be managed through improved water treatment, sanitation practices, and educational programs focused on proper hygiene. Efforts to manage these factors can potentially reduce the burden of diarrheal diseases.

Indexed as

DiarrheaAdolescentAdultChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesDrinking WaterEthiopiaFemaleHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSanitationDrinking WaterDiarrheal diseasesEnvironmental healthEthiopiaWASH

Identifiers

PMID40426073
PMCPMC12107720

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.