Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40426069›Full record

SynthesisBMC pediatrics2025

Vaccination dropout and associated factors among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2014-2024).

Eyasu Bamlaku Golla, Habtamu Geremew, Alegntaw Abate, Mohammed Ahmed Ali, Mulat Belay Simegn, Werkneh Melkie Tilahun, Samuel Abdisa Kuse, Smegnew Gichew Wondie

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Eyasu Bamlaku GollaCollege of Health Sciences, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia. eyabamla21@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-2620-6782
Habtamu GeremewCollege of Health Sciences, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia.
Alegntaw AbateDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia.
Mohammed Ahmed AliDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia.
Mulat Belay SimegnDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Werkneh Melkie TilahunDepartment of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Samuel Abdisa KuseDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Science, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia.
Smegnew Gichew WondieDepartment of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, MizanAman, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildren in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia, continue to suffer from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs), contributing to child mortality. One of the key challenges is vaccination dropout, where children fail to receive subsequent doses after the initial vaccine, leading to incomplete immunization coverage. Hence, our review aimed to determine the pooled magnitude of vaccination dropout and the factors associated with it among children in Ethiopia.

methodA comprehensive search of relevant studies was conducted through electronic web-based international databases and the institutional repository of Ethiopian universities. Data were extracted via a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and then exported to STATA 17 for statistical analysis. A checklist from the Joanna Briggs Institute was utilized to assess the quality of the studies. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled magnitude of vaccination dropout. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated via the I-square test. Funnel plots and Egger's regression test were utilized to assess publication bias.

resultsSeventeen articles with a total sample size of 9152 children (12-23 months old) were included in this meta-analysis. Consequently, the pooled magnitude of vaccination dropout from BCG to measles and Penta-1 to Penta-3 among children aged 12-23 months in Ethiopia was 16.93% (95% CI: 12.43, 21.44) and 13.16% (95% CI: 8.37, 17.96) respectively. Mothers who did not attend ANC (AOR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.99, 6.44), postponed immunization schedule (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.53, 4.87), distance from the health care facility (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI = 2.01, 17.18), and home delivery (AOR = 2.78, 95% CI = 2.28, 3.38) were identified as significant factors associated with vaccine dropout.

conclusionThe overall pooled magnitude of vaccination dropout among children in Ethiopia is greater than the WHO recommendation of less than 10%. Therefore, our findings suggest the necessity of counseling and educating women to attend antenatal care (ANC) follow-ups, give birth at healthcare facilities, and provide mobile and outreach immunization services for remote areas.

Indexed as

Patient DropoutsVaccinationEthiopiaHumansInfantVaccination CoverageAssociated factorsEthiopiaMeta analysisSystematic reviewVaccine dropout

Identifiers

PMID40426069
PMCPMC12117780

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.