ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025
Association Between Precarious Employment and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Study of Middle-Aged and Older Workers in Korea.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trajectories of late-life job insecurity and labor force participation: Associations with cognitive function and impairment in the Health and Retirement Study's harmonized cognitive assessment protocol.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Occupational autonomy and cognitive function: the moderating role of educational attainment.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundGlobally, many countries are experiencing rapid aging of their working populations. Moreover, older workers are particularly susceptible to poor employment conditions, which can contribute to health inequalities.
objectiveWe explored the association between precarious employment (PE) and cognitive decline.
designA longitudinal analysis of a cohort of Korean workers.
participantsWe included a nationwide sample of Korean adults aged ≥45 years (n = 2137), with repeated measurements conducted biennially from 2006 to 2020 (6290 observations). MAIN MEASURES: PE was assessed based on three dimensions: employment insecurity, income inadequacy, and a lack of rights and protection. A summative score was used to categorize an individual's PE into quartiles (lowest, low, high, and highest). Cognitive decline was defined as a decrease in the Mini-Mental State Examination score by ≥3 after a 2-year follow-up. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the association between PE and cognitive decline. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). KEY
resultsThe mean age was 51.6 years, and the mean baseline MMSE score was 28.7. During the study period, cognitive decline was observed in 15.1% of the observations over a 2-year follow-up. Regarding each PE element, workers with the lowest wage (<60% of the median) was associated with increased odds of experiencing cognitive decline (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.02-2.06). Based on a summative score, workers with high or the highest PE levels had increased odds of experiencing cognitive decline (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.07-1.77 for high PE and OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.14-1.99 for the highest PE) compared with workers with the lowest PE level.
conclusionsThis study suggests that PE is a risk factor for cognitive decline in workers. Enhancing employment conditions for older adults is crucial for promoting healthy aging.
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