ArticleAging clinical and experimental research2025
Associations between social vulnerability and functioning in older age, and the moderating role of optimism and self-efficacy.
Article in Aging clinical and experimental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of intensity and modality of community-based exercise programs on mood profile and functional physical capacity in older women under socioeconomic vulnerability: A randomized trial.Women's health (London, England)Trial
- Social vulnerability and psychological resources in aging: the role of index weighting and attrition bias.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- Toward a paradox of resources: the role of supportive climate and self-efficacy in the relationship between cynicism and intellectual engagement.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough links between social factors, psychological characteristics and functioning have been established, interactions between social vulnerability and psychological characteristics impacting later-life functioning remain unclear. We investigated whether social vulnerability is associated with physical and emotional functioning and with the change in functioning over 5 years. Further, we studied whether optimism and self-efficacy moderate these associations.
methodsPhysical and emotional functioning were measured in 2015 and 2020 using the SF-36 Health Survey in participants from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study data (n = 1153, mean age 74y). Social vulnerability comprised several self-reported and register-based social indicators. We used linear mixed models to analyse the associations between social vulnerability and physical and emotional functioning, the change in functioning, and the moderating effects of optimism and self-efficacy.
resultsSocial vulnerability was inversely associated with the level of physical (β =-2.71, p < 0.001) and emotional functioning (β =-2.55, p < 0.001), as well as with the changes in physical functioning over the 5-year follow-up (β =-1.09, p = 0.003), but not with the decline in emotional functioning. Optimism and self-efficacy served as moderators by buffering the negative association of social vulnerability on emotional functioning, but not physical functioning. Optimism or self-efficacy did not moderate the change in physical or emotional functioning.
conclusionBy impacting social vulnerability we may be able to promote functioning in older age. Social and psychological characteristics need to be acknowledged when planning effective health interventions and services for older adults.
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