Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40424003›Full record

ReviewFEMS microbiology reviews2025

Foresight 2035: a perspective on the next decade of research on the management of Legionella spp. in engineered aquatic environments.

Frederik Hammes, Marco Gabrielli, Alessio Cavallaro, Antonia Eichelberg, Sofia Barigelli, Melina Bigler, Sebastien P Faucher, Hans P Füchslin, Valeria Gaia, Laura Gomez-Valero and 21 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in FEMS microbiology reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Microorganisms · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Evaluation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  5. Authors' response: Seasonality and effects of climatic exposures on community-acquired Legionnaires' disease incidence, Italy, 2005 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026
    Article
  6. Letter to the editor: Seasonality and effects of climatic exposures on community-acquired Legionnaires' disease incidence, Italy, 2005 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  10. Molecular evolution and adaptations ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Frederik HammesEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4596-4917
Marco GabrielliEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Alessio CavallaroEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4087-8216
Antonia EichelbergEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Sofia BarigelliLaboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
Melina BiglerSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
Sebastien P FaucherDepartment of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2721-7715
Hans P FüchslinZurich Cantonal Laboratory, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland.
Valeria GaiaNational Reference Center for Legionella, Institute of Laboratory Medicine , Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Laura Gomez-ValeroInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, CNRS UMR 6047, 75015 Paris, France.
Marianne Grimard-ConeaDepartment of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 83T1J4 Montreal, Canada.
Charles N HaasDepartment of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, PA 19104 Philadelphia, United States.
Kerry A HamiltonSchool of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, AZ 85281 Tempe, United States.
Hannah G HealyDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA 02115 Boston, United States.
Yann HéchardLaboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, 86073 Poitiers, France.
Tim JulianEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Laurine KieperInstitute for Molecular Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Ursula LauperNew York State Department of Health, NY 12223 Albany, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6262-0112
Xavier LefebvreDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 83T1J4 Montreal, Canada.
Daniel MäusezahlSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
Catalina OrtizDepartment of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 83T1J4 Montreal, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-3833-2188
Ana PereiraLEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Michele PrevostDepartment of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 83T1J4 Montreal, Canada.
Hunter QuonSchool of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, AZ 85281 Tempe, United States.
Siddhartha RoyDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ 08901 New Brunswick, United States.
Ana R SilvaLEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Émile SylvestreSanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, the Netherlands.
Lizhan TangEawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Elliston Vallarino ReyesDepartment of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
Paul W J J van der WielenKWR Water Research Institute, 3433 PE Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
Michael WaakDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7031, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-1637-3608

Funding

FSVO 4.20.01Swiss National Science 225679
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The disease burden from Legionella spp. infections has been increasing in many industrialized countries and, despite decades of scientific advances, ranks amongst the highest for waterborne diseases. We review here several key research areas from a multidisciplinary perspective and list critical research needs to address some of the challenges of Legionella spp. management in engineered environments. These include: (i) a consideration of Legionella species diversity and cooccurrence, beyond Legionella pneumophila only; (ii) an assessment of their environmental prevalence and clinical relevance, and how that may affect legislation, management, and intervention prioritization; (iii) a consideration of Legionella spp. sources, their definition and prioritization; (iv) the factors affecting Legionnaires' disease seasonality, how they link to sources, Legionella spp. proliferation and ecology, and how these may be affected by climate change; (v) the challenge of saving energy in buildings while controlling Legionella spp. with high water temperatures and chemical disinfection; and (vi) the ecological interactions of Legionella spp. with other microbes, and their potential as a biological control strategy. Ultimately, we call for increased interdisciplinary collaboration between multiple research domains, as well as transdisciplinary engagement and collaboration across government, industry, and science as the way toward controlling and reducing Legionella-derived infections.

Indexed as

LegionellaLegionellosisWater MicrobiologyClimate ChangeHumansLegionnaires' Diseasebuilding plumbingLegionellalegionellosisLegionnaires’ diseaseopportunistic pathogenswaterborne disease

Identifiers

PMID40424003
PMCPMC12151150

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.