ArticleToxics2025
Associations of Involuntary Smoking with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Suicidal Behaviors in Early Adulthood.
Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Substance Use and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Association Patterns and Moderating Factors.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Pooled it
- Associations of environmental tobacco smoke with ADHD and executive function in early adulthood: results from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that involuntary smoking (e.g., secondhand smoke [SHS] and thirdhand smoke [THS]) is not only associated with an increased risk of several physical health problems, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, but also impacts mental health, including depression and anxiety. However, the relationships between SHS and THS exposure and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation (SI), and suicide attempts (SAs) remain unclear.
methodsParticipants were recruited at a Chinese vocational college via voluntary online surveys conducted on campus. Self-reported SHS exposure was determined by the frequency of contact with smokers or detecting tobacco odors in living environments, while THS was assessed through regular contact with smoker-contaminated surfaces (e.g., clothing, furniture, textiles). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations of SHS and THS exposure with the prevalence of NSSI, SI, and SAs in never-smoking participants.
resultsThe study included 5716 participants (mean age = 19.3 years; females, 85.4%). The prevalence of SHS and THS exposure was 87.6% and 77.4%, with 8.8% reporting ≥15 min of SHS exposure on at least one day per week. After controlling for potential covariates, exposure to SHS (≥15 min on at least one day per week) was significantly associated with the odds of SAs (OR [95%CI] = 1.85 [1.17-2.91]). Additionally, daily THS exposure was significantly associated with increased past-year NSSI prevalence (2.35 [1.29-4.28]) compared to those without THS exposure, with similar associations observed for SI (2.11 [1.28-3.48]) and SAs (2.40 [1.23-4.69]).
conclusionsExposure to SHS and THS was significantly associated with increased likelihood of NSSI, SI, and SAs among young adults at a Chinese vocational college. Further studies are needed to validate these associations across more diverse populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.