Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40423476›Full record

ArticleToxics2025

Effects of Diethylstilbestrol on the Structure and Function of the Spleen in Male Golden Hamsters.

Jian Li, Ruiping Xu, Qingwei Wang, Xue Bai, Yanhua Su, Yaoxing Chen, Jing Cao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jian LiKey Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation Anhui Province, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China.
Ruiping XuLaboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
Qingwei WangLaboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
Xue BaiLaboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.
Yanhua SuCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Panlong, Kunming 650201, China.
Yaoxing ChenLaboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2576-5977
Jing CaoLaboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9425-9982

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 31972632, 31572474Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality 6242017, 6192012the Biological and Medical Sciences of Applied Summit Nurturing Disciplines in Anhui Province [2023]13the Key projects of natural science research projects in Anhui universities 2022AH051345the Scientific research project of Fuyang Normal University 2023KYQD0013
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With industrial development, endocrine-disrupting chemicals have continued to accumulate in the environment, attracting growing attention due to their potential effects on biological health. The reproductive toxicity of diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen widely present in the environment, is widely documented; however, studies on its effects on the immune system remain limited. In this study, adult male golden hamsters were subcutaneously administered varying doses of DES (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days to assess its immunomodulatory impact on peripheral blood and the spleen. We found that the DES treatment significantly reduced spleen index, white pulp area, and splenic lymphocyte proliferation while increasing caspase-3-positive apoptotic cells and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. In peripheral blood, DES induced a dose-dependent suppression of lymphocyte proliferation, with lipopolysaccharide- and concanavalin A-stimulated proliferation reduced by 47.68-71.76% and 44.23-72.7%, respectively. Concurrently, DES significantly downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ (

Indexed as

diethylstilbestrolestrogen receptormale golden hamsteroxidative stressspleen

Identifiers

PMID40423476
PMCPMC12116020

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.