Biogeochemical Mechanisms of HCO

Li Xu, Bo Xin, Wei Liu, Haoyang Liu, Guoli Yang, Guizhen Hao

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Li XuSchool of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.

Bo XinZhangcheng Ecological Environmental Protection and Restoration Technology Innovation Center, No. 3 Geological Brigade of Hebei Geology and Mineral Exploration Bureau, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.

Wei LiuHebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.ORCID 0009-0005-2306-8096

Haoyang LiuHebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.

Guoli YangHebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.

Guizhen HaoHebei Key Laboratory of Water Quality Engineering and Comprehensive Utilization of Water Resources, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China.

Funding

Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development 246Z3612GFunded by Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department QN2025246National Key Research and Development Project of China 2021YFC1910600Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province D2022503001

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water hardening and NO

Indexed as

agricultural ammoniumcarbonate dissolutionHCO3–Ca waternitrificationNO3− pollutionpiedmont area

Identifiers

PMID40423473

DOI10.3390/toxics13050394

PMCPMC12115938

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.