SynthesisToxins2025
Botulinum Toxin in Pain-Related Post-Stroke Limb Spasticity: A Meta-Analysis of Early and Late Injections.
Synthesis in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Construction and verification of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of post-stroke spasticity: a retrospective study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- The Role of Radial Shockwave Therapy in Reducing Spasticity and Improving Upper-Limb Function Following Stroke.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Non-Invasive Assessment of Hypertonic Muscle Properties After Botulinum Toxin Neuromodulation in Post-Stroke Patients: A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Evidence (2023-2025) on Mobility and Balance.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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- Article
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- Efficacy of traditional Chinese herbal fumigation steam therapy combined with functional exercise on post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Introduction toToxins · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spasticity is a common complication associated with stroke, and around 72% of stroke patients will develop pain during the disease. Botulinum toxin (BoNT) is a safe and efficacious treatment for spasticity and can improve associated complications, including pain. Hence, this meta-analysis aims to establish whether BoNT can reduce pain-related post-stroke spasticity (pPSS) in the early treatment period (<12 weeks post-stroke) or in the late period (>12 weeks post-stroke) based on the available evidence. This study also aims to establish the dose-response relationship of BoNT-A in pPSS. Based on pooled data from multiple studies, there is no significant difference in the scores measuring pPSS between patients who received early BoNT-A injections and those who received a placebo. This finding suggests that within the early treatment period, BoNT-A may not be more effective than a placebo in reducing pPSS. However, it is important to note that the data for early BoNT-A injections are limited, indicating that research is needed to draw definitive conclusions [
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.