ArticleToxins2025
Intravesical Onabotulinum Toxin A Injection Paradigms for Idiopathic Overactive Bladder: A Scoping Review of Clinical Outcomes, Techniques, and Implications for Practice and Future Research.
Article in Toxins, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical Outcomes and Retreatment Pathways Following Intradetrusor OnabotulinumtoxinA in Women with Refractory Idiopathic Overactive Bladder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Urodynamic Predictive Factors for Successful Treatment Outcomes Following Intravesical Botulinum Toxin a Injection in Patients with Detrusor Overactivity.Biomedicines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND
objectivesOnabotulinum toxin A (BTXA) is an effective treatment for refractory idiopathic overactive bladder (iOAB). Given the wide spectrum of patient factors and combination of symptoms, a tailored approach to management is needed. This scoping review assesses injection paradigms for iOAB. Prior studies have established the safety and efficacy of BTXA injections, and this review focuses on exploring variations in injection techniques that may inform more tailored approaches and support future research toward optimizing patient outcomes.
methodsWe conducted a systematic literature search. Inclusion criteria included full-text English language and primary research studies assessing outcomes in adults undergoing BTXA for iOAB. Findings are summarized using narrative synthesis.
resultsForty-three articles were identified. Key findings include fewer injections (1-10 vs. 20-40) maintains efficacy while reducing procedure time, discomfort, and retreatment hesitancy. Durability appears to be lower with suburothelial and bladder base injections and higher with detrusor and bladder body injections, though these may carry an increased risk of urinary retention requiring clean intermittent catheterization. Trigone inclusion appears safe and effective without increased vesicoureteral reflux risk.
conclusionsStudy heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting limit strong conclusions. Included injection paradigms demonstrated efficacy, high tolerability, symptom relief, and quality-of-life improvements with few adverse events. Further research is needed to refine optimal injection strategies to enhance patient comfort, maximize efficacy, and minimize adverse events. Future studies should ensure comprehensive data collection to clarify these associations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.