In Situ Growth, Etching, and Charging of Nanoscale Water Ice Under Fast Electron Irradiation in Environmental TEM.

Hongchen Chu, Qianming An, Xianhui Ye, Duanzheng Wu, Binye Liang, Jiaqi Su, Zian Li

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Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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7 authors.

Hongchen ChuSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Qianming AnSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Xianhui YeSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Duanzheng WuSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Binye LiangSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Jiaqi SuSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.

Zian LiSchool of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6338-8933

Funding

Guangxi Science and Technology Major Program AA23073019National Natural Science Foundation of China 12364018Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province 2024GXNSFDA010014

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the formation, structural evolution, and response of water ice at the nanoscale is essential for advancing research in fields such as cryo-electron microscopy and atmospheric science. In this work, we used environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) to investigate the formation of water ice nanostructures and the etching and charging behaviors of ice under fast electron irradiation. These nanostructures were observed to be suspended along the edges of copper grids and supported on few-layer graphene. We varied growth parameters (temperature and time) to produce water ice nanostructures characterized by uniform thickness and enhanced crystallinity. Moreover, we examined the lithographic patterning of water ice at the copper grid edges and its localized etching effects on graphene substrates. Off-axis electron holography experiments further revealed charging phenomena induced by electron beam irradiation, enabling a quantitative assessment of charge accumulation on the ice nanostructures. Our findings demonstrate the controlled growth of ice thin films under high vacuum conditions at cryogenic temperatures, elucidate the etching behavior and charging phenomena of water ice under rapid electron beam irradiation.

Indexed as

charging effectenvironmental transmission electron microscopyoff-axis electron holographywater ice nanostructures

Identifiers

PMID40423116

DOI10.3390/nano15100726

PMCPMC12114155

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