ArticlemBio2025
CD81 is a receptor for equine arteritis virus (family:
Article in mBio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Label-free quantification of early virus-induced cellular responses by digital holographic tomography.mSphere · 2026Article
- Elucidating the enigmatic biology of arteriviruses through receptor discovery.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Cell Surface Vimentin Is an Attachment Factor That Facilitates Equine Arteritis Virus Infection In Vitro.Viruses · 2026Article
- Computational modelling of the equine arteritis virus GP5/M Dimer: Implications for immune evasion and virulence.PloS one · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Arteriviruses are a family of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA) viruses that infect diverse animal hosts. Many arteriviruses are macrophage-tropic, consistent with their utilization of the macrophage-specific molecule CD163 as a receptor. However, the horse arterivirus (equine arteritis virus, EAV), which infects additional cell types beyond macrophages, does not utilize CD163 in its entry mechanism. Here, we use a genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen to identify alternative receptors that could explain this discrepancy in arterivirus receptor utilization and tropism, identifying the plasma membrane tetraspanin CD81 as a required host factor for EAV infection. Genetic knockout of CD81 or pre-incubation with soluble CD81 protected cells from infection with EAV, but had no impact on susceptibility to other arteriviruses. Bypassing the entry step of the viral life cycle by transfecting the EAV genome into CD81-knockout cells produced infectious EAV, implicating CD81 in the EAV entry process. Screening of CD81 orthologs from natural arterivirus hosts identified the brushtail possum CD81 as unsupportive of EAV entry, indicating that CD81 incompatibility can serve as a barrier to cross-species infection. Horse/possum CD81 chimeras were then used to map the structural domains of CD81 engaged by EAV, identifying alpha helix "D" on the large extracellular loop of CD81 as critical for EAV entry. This study identifies the first example of receptor switching in the
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