ReviewGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025
White Spot Lesion Treatment Options: A Systematic Review of Different Techniques for Masking These Lesions.
Review in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Outcomes of resin infiltration for white spot lesions at different time points: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of orthodontics · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of the Effectiveness of Fluoride Varnish and Fluoride-Releasing Adhesives in Preventing and Managing White Spot Lesions During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment, and Evaluation of Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Randomised Controlled Trial 1 Year After Debonding.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Trial
- Awareness and perception of white spot lesions amongst adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: a cross-sectional study of caries preventive adherence.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Dentists Regarding the Diagnosis and Management of White Spot Lesions.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Influence of White Spot Lesion Severity on the Structural, Optical, and Mechanical Outcomes of Resin Infiltration: An In Vitro Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Photodynamic therapy for caries management: mechanisms, applications, and perspectives.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Assessing Esthetic and Functional Benefits of Three Types of Maxillary Partial Denture Designs over Five Years.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- The Role of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) in White Spot Lesion Remineralization-A Systematic Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- One- and Two-Year Efficacy of Resin Infiltration and Remineralization for the Treatment of Initial Proximal Caries.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
White spot lesions (WSLs) are early clinical stages of enamel demineralization, often related to orthodontic treatment or poor oral hygiene. The use of gels such as fluoride for topical application inhibits demineralization and promotes remineralization of dental tissues through various mechanisms. A variety of therapeutic approaches are available; however, recent research indicates that combined treatment strategies may yield superior clinical outcomes compared to monotherapy. The aim of this study was to critically compare the efficacy of combining multiple treatment techniques for WSLs compared to using these techniques alone. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases according to PRISMA guidelines. The PICO strategy was used to formulate the research question: Which clinical approaches combined or isolated (C) influence the treatment and prevention effectiveness (O) of white spot lesions (I) in humans (P) in the last ten years (T)? Inclusion criteria focused on clinical studies from the last ten years evaluating the combined use of at least two treatment techniques for WSL, resulting in a total of 8 randomized controlled trials selected from an initial pool of 1185 articles. Our results suggest that combined treatment strategies, including resin infiltration with fluoride varnish and ozone therapy combined with fluoride application, demonstrated enhanced efficacy in lesion masking and remineralization compared to single-treatment approaches. CPP-ACP and hydroxyapatite-based creams improved aesthetics, particularly when used alongside fluoride varnish. Our study concluded that the combination of remineralization agents like fluoride gel, infiltrative resins, and antimicrobial treatments offers superior outcomes on white spot lesion treatment than using these techniques alone. However, long-term clinical studies are needed to standardize treatment protocols and confirm durability.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.