Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40422288›Full record

ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2025

Potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in household environments: a study of soil floors and cow dung in rural Bangladesh.

Anna T Nguyen, Kalani Ratnasiri, Gabriella Barratt Heitmann, Sumaiya Tazin, Claire Anderson, Suhi Hanif, Afsana Yeamin, Abul Kasham Shoab, Ireen Sultana Shanta, Farjana Jahan and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Antimicrobial-resistantmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Anna T Nguyen *Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2211-9040
Kalani Ratnasiri *Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5953-0004
Gabriella Barratt HeitmannStanford Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Sumaiya TazinDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Claire AndersonDepartment of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9626-4964
Suhi HanifDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Afsana YeaminEnvironmental Health and WASH, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Abul Kasham ShoabEnvironmental Health and WASH, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ireen Sultana ShantaEmerging Infections, Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Farjana JahanEnvironmental Health and WASH, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Md Sakib HossainLaboratory of Environmental Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-9680-4921
Zahid Hayat MahmudLaboratory of Environmental Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mohammad JubairGenomics Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Mustafizur RahmanGenomics Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-6876-0191
Mahbubur RahmanEnvironmental Health and WASH, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Ayse ErcumenDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
Jade Benjamin-ChungDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3631-3132

Funding

Effects of household concrete floors on child healthR01HD108196 · NICHD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jade Benjamin-Chung · 2022 to 2026
$2.9M
Evaluating the causal effects of anti-malarial chemoprevention in pregnancy and childhood on growth outcomesF31AI179107 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Anna Thuy Nhu Nguyen · 2024 to 2026
$142k
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development R01HD108196National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases F31AI179107NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI179107NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD108196
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In low- and middle-income countries, living in homes with soil floors and animal cohabitation may expose children to fecal organisms, increasing the risk of enteric and antimicrobial-resistant infections. Our objective was to understand whether cow cohabitation in homes with soil floors in rural Bangladesh contributed to the presence and diversity of potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the home. In 10 randomly selected households in rural Sirajganj District, we sampled floor soil and cow dung, which is commonly used as sealant in soil floors. We extracted DNA and performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing to explore potential pathogens and ARGs in each sample type. We detected 7 potential pathogens in soil only, 38 pathogens in cow dung only, and 182 pathogens in both soil and cow dung. Cow dung exhibited modestly higher potential pathogen genus richness compared to soil floors (Wilcoxon signed-rank test,

Indexed as

BacteriaDrug Resistance, BacterialFecesFloors and FloorcoveringsManureSoil MicrobiologyAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBangladeshCattleFamily CharacteristicsHumansRural PopulationAnti-Bacterial AgentsManureantimicrobial resistanceenteric pathogenshousingone healthshotgun metagenomic sequencing

Identifiers

PMID40422288
PMCPMC12175521

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.