Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40422108›Full record

ArticleBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Motion Patterns Under Multiple Constraints and Master-Slave Control of a Serial Modular Biomimetic Robot with 3-DOF Hydraulic Muscle-Driven Continuum Segments.

Yunrui Jia, Zengmeng Zhang, Junhao Guo, Yong Yang, Yongjun Gong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yunrui JiaNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Zengmeng ZhangNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Junhao GuoNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Yong YangNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
Yongjun GongNaval Architecture and Ocean Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China 3132023513National Natural Science Foundation of China 52175043, U1908228Open Research Program of Key Laboratory for Precision and Nontraditional Machining Tech-nology of Ministry of Education of China B202202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Soft modular biomimetic robots, driven by flexible actuators, are extensively used in various fields due to their excellent flexibility, environmental adaptability, and isomorphism. However, existing flexible modules typically possess no more than two degrees of freedom for structural limitations. In this study, a three-degree-of-freedom biomimetic segment driven by water hydraulic artificial muscles (WHAMs) and supported by springs was proposed, achieving integrated and modular design. The continuum robot composed of this segment can execute earthworm-, snake-, and elephant trunk-biomimetic motion modes based on operational environmental constraints. During long-distance operational tasks, distinct segments of the continuum robot can adopt varying biomimetic configurations to meet specific requirements. The closed-loop control characteristic tests were conducted on a single segment to evaluate its motion characteristics. The isomorphic master controller was designed based on the motion range of a single segment, with the maximum bending angle deviation between the master controller and biomimetic segment not exceeding 4°, and the system demonstrating favorable stability.

Indexed as

biomimetic robotmaster–slave controlmotion patternwater hydraulic artificial muscle

Identifiers

PMID40422108
PMCPMC12109442

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.