Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40422097›Full record

ReviewBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Materials and Structures Inspired by Human Heel Pads for Advanced Biomechanical Function.

Zhiqiang Zhuang, Congtian Gu, Shunlin Li, Hu Shen, Ning Liu, Ziwei Li, Dakai Wang, Cong Wang, Linpeng Liu, Kaixian Ba and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zhiqiang ZhuangState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.
Congtian GuState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.
Shunlin LiState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.
Hu ShenState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.
Ning LiuState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.
Ziwei LiState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.
Dakai WangKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China.ORCID 0009-0008-3973-9706
Cong WangState Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
Linpeng LiuState Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7234-9779
Kaixian BaState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.
Bin YuState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.
Guoliang MaState Key Laboratory of Crane Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066104, China.ORCID 0009-0005-0371-3799

Funding

Fundamental Innovative Research Development Project of Yanshan University 2024LGQN008Funded by Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department QN2025183Key basic research project of Shijiazhuang universities in Hebei Province 241790727ANational Natural Science Foundation of China 51975506National Natural Science Foundation of China 52122503National Natural Science Foundation of China 52305308National Natural Science Foundation of China 52475071Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province E2023203258Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province E2024203067Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering KF2023003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The heel pad, located under the calcaneus of the human foot, is a hidden treasure that has been subjected to harsh mechanical conditions such as impact, vibration, and cyclic loading. This has resulted in a unique compartment structure and material composition, endowed with advanced biomechanical functions including cushioning, vibration reduction, fatigue resistance, and touchdown stability, making it an ideal natural bionic prototype in the field of bionic materials. It has been shown that the highly specialized structure and material composition of the heel pad endows it with biomechanical properties such as hyperelasticity, viscoelasticity, and mechanical anisotropy. These complex biomechanical properties underpin its advanced functions. Although it is known that these properties interact with each other, the detailed influence mechanism remains unclear, which restricts its application as a bionic prototype in the field of bionic materials. Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive review of the structure, materials, biomechanical properties, and functions of the heel pad. It focuses on elucidating the relationships between the structure, materials, biomechanical properties, and functions of heel pads and proposes insights for the study of bionic materials using the heel pad as a bionic prototype. Finally, a research idea to analyze the advanced mechanical properties of heel pads by integrating sophisticated technologies is proposed, aiming to provide directions for further in-depth research on heel pads and inspiration for the innovative design of advanced bionic materials.

Indexed as

biomechanical functionheel padmaterialsstructure

Identifiers

PMID40422097
PMCPMC12109304

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.