What Inspires Biomimicry in Construction? Patterns, Trends, and Applications.

Biomimicry is redefining the design, architecture, and construction industries by transforming biological principles into innovative solutions that optimize structural, energy, and environmental performance. This study identifies the organisms and natural systems that inspire the industry, establishing patterns, trends, and key applications. Through a systematic literature review, 70 studies documenting bio-inspired applications in materials, structures, and construction systems were analyzed. The findings are organized into a categorization of organisms based on their biological group and a detailed classification according to imitation criteria-form, function, structure, and process-highlighting their applications in the built environment. The results demonstrate the convergence between technology and nature, underscoring the potential of biomimicry for the development of a more sustainable and resilient industry. Furthermore, this study identifies the most recurring sources of inspiration and the main lines of interest in the implementation of biomimetic strategies in construction, consolidating its role as a key tool for the architecture of the future. Based on these findings, the research proposes a biomimetic design framework that aligns architectural needs with suitable imitation strategies and biological analogs, offering a practical tool to guide decision making in the early design phases.