Race based disparities in clinical and financial outcomes associated with major elective and emergent surgery.

Saad Mallick, Sara Sakowitz, Syed Shahyan Bakhtiyar, Nam Yong Cho, Troy Coaston, Esteban Aguayo, Peyman Benharash

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Surgery open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Saad MallickCenter for Advanced Surgical & Interventional Technology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Sara SakowitzCenter for Advanced Surgical & Interventional Technology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Syed Shahyan BakhtiyarDepartment of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.

Nam Yong ChoCenter for Advanced Surgical & Interventional Technology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Troy CoastonCenter for Advanced Surgical & Interventional Technology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Esteban AguayoCenter for Advanced Surgical & Interventional Technology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Peyman BenharashCenter for Advanced Surgical & Interventional Technology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Racial health disparities are responsible for ∼$50 billion in excess annual healthcare expenditures, driven in part by unequal access to preventive services. We thus studied cost differences in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (AAA), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and colon resection for malignancy (COL), as the elective status of these procedures suggest greater access to preventive care and screening. Methods: All adult hospitalizations for AAA, CABG, and COL were identified using the 2011-2020 National Inpatient Sample. Generalized linear models were developed to assess cost differences for emergent versus elective surgeries across different racial groups. Results: Of an estimated 3,069,339 patients, 1,300,717 (42.4%) underwent an emergent operation. The proportion of procedures performed emergently increased from 39.4 in 2011 to 44.5% in 2020 ( Conclusions: Over a decade, the conversion of only 10% of such procedures to planned elective cases would be associated with $1,774,882,977 in cost savings nationally. With racial minorities experiencing the maximal detriment both clinically and financially, implementing proven strategies can help reduce race-based disparities and annual healthcare expenditures.

Indexed as

Elective surgeryEmergent surgeryRacial disparities

Identifiers

PMID40421313

DOI10.1016/j.sopen.2025.04.010

PMCPMC12104640

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.