ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Association between herpes zoster ophthalmicus and the risk of corneal ulcer.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Varicella-Zoster Virus and the Eye: Clinical Spectrum, Management, and Vaccination.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) is a serious condition resulting from the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, affecting the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve. In HZO, exposure keratopathy can lead to a range of ocular surface disorders, including superficial punctate keratitis and disruption of the ocular surface barrier, thereby increasing the risk of infectious corneal ulcers. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the risk of corneal ulceration in patients with HZO. Materials and methods: This nationwide, population-based, retrospective, matched-cohort study included 44,317 newly diagnosed patients with HZO, identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, and selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The control group, matched for age, sex, and potential comorbidities, included 132,951 patients without HZO selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Patient data were collected between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2011 with both groups tracked from the index date until December 2013. The incidence and risk of corneal ulcers were compared between the groups. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio for corneal ulcer development, while the cumulative incidence rate of corneal ulcers was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: A total of 1,374 patients with HZO and 938 controls developed corneal ulcers during the follow-up period. The incidence rate of corneal ulcer was 4.59 times [95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.23-4.99; Conclusion: Patients with HZO are at an increased risk of developing corneal ulcers and should be appropriately counseled regarding this risk.
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