ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
Decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Research on the effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and its serial change on all-cause mortality is limited. This study investigated serial change in LDL-cholesterol and its association with all-cause mortality or sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: Data was obtained from the nationwide health insurance database of South Korea. Patients with diabetes mellitus who underwent health screening between 2009 and 2012 and those with 4-year follow-up health screening data were included. Patients were further stratified by statin use and change in LDL-cholesterol levels during this 4-year interval. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and SCA, respectively. Outcomes were followed up from the day of health screening till December 2018. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox-proportional hazards model were used to evaluate associations between LDL-cholesterol changes, all-cause mortality, and SCA. Results and Discussion: A total of 1,329,982 patients were included, including 532,260 patients who did not receive statin therapy (non-statin users). Compared to statin users, non-statin users had a higher incidence of all-cause mortality (incidence rate 13.9-16.4 per 1,000 person-years) and SCA (1.6-1.9). Among non-statin users, patients with decreased LDL-cholesterol had the highest risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.31,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.