ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2025
Brain Delivery Strategies for Biomacromolecular Drugs: Intranasal Administration.
Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neuroprotective effects of icariin in animal models of depression and anxiety: a systematic review of preclinical studies.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Pooled it
- Intranasal dexmedetomidine versus midazolam for pediatric dental sedation: a pooled analysis of clinical trials.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Engineering Advanced Nanomedicine Against Depression: From Treatment Challenges to Delivery Strategies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Systematic Design and Evaluation of Nasal Drug Delivery for Central Nervous System Disease from Experimental to Clinical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Advances in Intranasal CNS Targeting: Integrating Formulations, Devices, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and 3D Printing.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Brain Delivery of G4 70/30 PAMAM Dendrimers via the Intranasal Route.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Hydrogels-Advanced Polymer Platforms for Drug Delivery.Polymers · 2026Review
- Intranasal Biodegradable Nanomedicine for Epilepsy Management: Targeting the Brain Beyond the Blood-Brain Barrier.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Progress in peptide and protein therapeutics: Challenges and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Sonodynamic Therapy With Orally Absorbable Nanomedicine for Brain Tumor.Brain tumor research and treatment · 2025Review
- Mechanics-guided parametric modeling of intranasal spray devices and formulations for targeted drug delivery to the nasopharynx.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2025Article
- Interleukin-4-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Microglia Contributes to Allergic Rhinitis via Central Sensitization.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macromolecular Drugs (including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, and nucleic acid therapies) have become a cornerstone strategy for intervening in complex pathological mechanisms such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and genetic disorders due to their high specificity for disease targets and low off-target toxicity. However, compared to traditional small-molecule drugs, the high molecular weight (>10 kDa) and structural complexity of macromolecular drugs result in extremely low transmembrane permeability. This is particularly challenging in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, where the blood-brain barrier (BBB) imposes stringent selectivity, further limiting drug delivery efficiency. This review focuses on the breakthrough strategy of nose-to-brain (NtB) drug delivery. On one hand, the NtB pathway bypasses the BBB, enabling direct CNS drug delivery. On the other hand, nanocarrier technology can synergistically achieve systemic delivery and brain-targeted transport. Based on the latest research advances, this article systematically examines the feasibility of delivering macromolecular drugs via NtB administration. We comprehensively summarize relevant delivery carriers and discuss the potential advantages of intranasal-brain delivery for CNS disease treatment. Notably, while significant progress has been made in this field, further exploration is still needed regarding the mechanisms of NtB delivery and challenges in clinical translation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.