ArticleBMC pediatrics2025
Educational interventions and contextual factors for optimising antibiotic prescription in paediatric uncomplicated acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: scoping review of reviews.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quality of antibiotics prescription in hospitals in Burkina Faso: a multispecialty clinical audit.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Development and assessment of an online communication skills course to optimise antibiotic prescribing for children in primary care.BMC primary care · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInappropriate antibiotic prescription in paediatric uncomplicated acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in primary care (PC) settings contributes to antimicrobial resistance. We aimed (1) to identify and describe educational interventions and their components to optimise antibiotic prescription for paediatric uncomplicated ARTIs in PC, and (2) to map contextual factors that may influence antibiotic prescription and the implementation of interventions.
methodsWe searched three electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL and Epistemonikos) to identify reviews on the effectiveness of educational interventions and contextual factors, for optimising antibiotic prescription (Concept) in paediatric uncomplicated ARTIs (Population) in PC (Context). We included reviews that reported explicitly the search strategy used. Two previously calibrated reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological limitations. We applied the "best-fit framework synthesis approach", based on the main constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and coded the data deductively by groups of analysis for reviews reporting effectiveness (e.g. antibiotic or consultation rate) or by thematic synthesis for reviews reporting contextual factors (e.g. healthcare professionals' knowledge) based on a logic model.
resultsWe identified 11 reviews evaluating education intervention and their characteristics, including 182 interventions with at least one educational component (educational intervention plus another type, educational or non-educational), with 136 providing information on characteristics and effectiveness. Successful interventions' characteristics were related to the kind of intervention (e.g. communication skill training), mode of delivery (e.g. face to face), and target population (e.g. parents/caregivers). From the 22 reviews on contextual factors, healthcare professionals' attitudes and perceptions, knowledge, and health system and professionals' teams' organization (inner setting), were the most frequent themes; less information was available on individuals´ characteristics (parents/children) and on outer setting (e.g. policies).
conclusionWe identified a large number of heterogeneous educational interventions. Combining educational interventions plus another type targeting both parents/caregivers and healthcare professionals, and considering their needs and their context may improve antibiotic prescribing in children. Further research is needed on consultation rate, knowledge, attitudes, and satisfaction outcomes and contextual factors, as well as on the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. REGISTRATION: The protocol was published in OSF iRegistries in May 2021 (Elizondo-Alzola, U).
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