ArticleBMC women's health2025
"The questions made me realize how many times I could have been saved and removed from that situation": The experiences of patients attended to by paramedics for intimate partner violence, and actionable implementations for paramedicine.
Article in BMC women's health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- "It's more than just blood pressure and stitches": a critical examination of paramedic services from the perspectives of intimate partner violence advocates.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) persists as a severe and prevalent criminal, social, and health issue, most commonly affecting women. Survivors of IPV frequently engage with the healthcare system to access treatment, support, and resources. Paramedics commonly encounter, either knowingly or unknowingly, patients experiencing IPV. There is little empirical research on how paramedics manage cases involving IPV.
objectiveTo examine how the perspectives and experiences of survivors of IPV who have been attended to by paramedics can inform our understanding of paramedic services.
methodsUsing an interpretive description qualitative approach in the context of paramedicine, self-identified women (18+ years) who reported a history of IPV and being attended to by paramedics for IPV-caused reasons participated in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and de-identified. De-identified transcripts were inductively analyzed (NVivo) for common patterns.
resultsN = 9 survivors participated in interviews. Participants experienced cyclic and escalating physical, sexual, psychological, and coercive control forms of IPV. Participants primarily reported accessing paramedic services following instances of severe IPV and reported receiving minimal treatment and support. Challenges included bias and discrimination, poor individual paramedic conduct, undereducated and undertrained paramedics, insufficient infrastructure, inadequate transitions into healthcare and community services, perpetrator dynamics, and survivor dynamics. Corresponding solutions were safe and equitable paramedic behaviour, respectful conduct, mandatory education and training, develop functional infrastructure, develop functional transitions, and utilize techniques to engage with perpetrators and survivors.
conclusionPersonal, situational, practitioner, paramedic service, and broad systemic infrastructure challenges cause survivors of IPV to be underserviced by paramedic services. Inadequate intervention efforts may be harmful or fatal for survivors. Survivor-derived solutions may guide paramedic service improvements. With improved service delivery, paramedics could evolve into reliable and useful resources for survivors of IPV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.