ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2025
Comparison of long-term health-related quality of life and symptoms between COVID-19 patients and test-negative controls during the Omicron-predominant period in Japan.
Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of long COVID on health-related quality-of-life among Japanese adults: findings of CARE Japan study.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- The impact of testing positive versus negative for COVID-19 on health-related quality of life: cross-sectional evidence from the Alberta post-COVID-19 follow-up survey.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
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Abstract
backgroundPersistent symptoms following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and impose a substantial burden on society. While previous studies showed that both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and patients with acute respiratory symptoms but negative for SARS-CoV-2 experienced persistent symptoms, evidence comparing the long-term HRQoL of COVID-19 patients with test-negative controls for SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. This study aimed to compare symptoms and HRQoL using EQ-5D-5L in both acute and chronic phases between COVID-19 patients and test-negative controls for SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron-predominant period in Japan.
methodsIndividuals aged ≥18 years tested for SARS-CoV-2 with COVID-19-like symptoms at a clinic in Tokyo, Japan, between January 2022 and January 2023, were invited an online survey. Individuals who tested positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 were both included. Participants retrospectively recorded their physical and mental symptoms, and completed EQ-5D-5L questionnaires during the acute phase, and at months 1, 3, and 6, which were compared between COVID-19 patients and test-negative controls. Additionally, the mean EQ-5D-5L utility score was compared between male and female COVID-19 patients.
resultsA total of 302 COVID-19 patients and 77 test-negative controls were included (median age: 42 years; 41.2% male; 13.2% with underlying medical conditions). At month 3, 19.9% (60/302) of COVID-19 patients and 9.1% (7/77) of test-negative controls reported ongoing symptoms. Mental symptoms and fatigue persisted for over three months among COVID-19 patients. The mean EQ-5D-5L utility score during the acute phase for COVID-19 patients was 0.615 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.586-0.645), and 0.874 (95% CI: 0.826-0.921) for test-negative controls, with a mean difference of -0.258 (95% CI: -0.324 to -0.193). COVID-19 patients consistently exhibited lower EQ-5D-5L utility scores than controls for over six months post-infection. Female COVID-19 patients showed lower EQ-5D-5L utility scores compared to male patients throughout the period (acute phase mean difference: -0.091; 95% CI: -0.151 to -0.031).
conclusionsCOVID-19 patients experienced more symptoms three months post-testing compared to test-negative controls, with lower EQ-5D-5L utility scores persisting for over six months. Female COVID-19 patients exhibited lower EQ-5D-5L utility scores than their male counterparts throughout the period.
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