ArticleBMC psychiatry2025
Cognitive functions in schizophrenia: the interplay between blood viscosity, serum osmolarity, and symptom severity.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Effect of Acute Psychotic Period on Physiological Values Measured in Blood in Male Patients With Schizophrenia.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCognitive impairments-especially in executive function and attention-are core features of schizophrenia and major barriers to functional recovery. Although systemic physiological factors such as blood viscosity and serum osmolarity have been implicated in schizophrenia, their association with cognitive deficits remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate these relationships in male patients with schizophrenia in remission.
methodsA total of 247 male patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission were recruited. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test (TMT). Hemorheological parameters, including whole blood viscosity (WBV) at low and high shear rates (LSR and HSR), and serum osmolarity were calculated. Regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors of cognitive outcomes.
resultsIn the multivariate analysis, higher WBV at HSR (β = 0.122, β = 0.037) was positively associated with executive function (FAB scores) and inversely associated with Stroop 5 time (β = -0.134, p = 0.025), TMT-A (β = -0.134, p = 0.032), and TMT-B (β = -0.137, p = 0.028) completion times, reflecting better cognitive performance. While higher serum osmolarity showed a positive correlation with FAB scores in univariate analysis, it did not remain an independent predictor in the multivariate model. The multivariate regression identified WBV at HSR, depressive symptoms, negative symptoms, use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI), and living arrangements as significant predictors of FAB scores, collectively explaining 16.9% of the variance (F(8,238) = 7.252, p < 0.001).
conclusionThis study highlights the potential contribution of systemic physiological factors to cognitive function in schizophrenia. Higher WBV, within a physiological range, may support cerebral perfusion and be associated with better executive performance. Although serum osmolarity showed a positive association with executive function in univariate analysis, it was not an independent predictor in multivariate models, and its cognitive relevance remains to be clarified. These findings point to a possible role of physiological parameters in cognitive variability, but further studies are needed before drawing firm clinical implications. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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