Observational studyMedicine2025
Mortality associated with systemic lupus erythematosus combined with heart failure in the United States (1999-2020): A multiple-cause-of-death study.
Observational study in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study analyzes the number of deaths related to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) combined with heart failure (HF) in the United States from 1999 to 2020, as well as the changing trend and causes of death of age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR). The annual number of deaths and ASMR with M32 (SLE) and I50 (HF) as the causes of death from 1999 to 2020 were extracted from the mortality database of the US CDC. Referring to the ICD-10 classification standard, the epidemiology and related data were described, and the number of deaths and the trend of ASMR were analyzed. A 2 trend test was conducted on the changing trend. Over the past 22 years, the total number of deaths related to SLE in the United States was 47,337, and the total number of deaths combined with HF was 3896, accounting for 8.2% of all deaths related to SLE. The number of male deaths from SLE combined with HF was 606 (15.6%), and that of female deaths was 3290 (84.4%), with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1:5.4. The number of deaths related to SLE and SLE combined with HF showed an upward trend, and the difference in trend change was statistically significant (P < .001). Regarding ASMR, SLE shows a downward trend, while SLE combined with HF shows a slow upward trend. When it was regarded as MCD, both females and males showed an overall upward trend, but there was no statistically significant difference in the trend changes between the 2 groups (P = .673). The overall U/M shows a downward trend. The number of deaths in different age groups showed an upward trend, but there was no statistically significant difference in the trend changes between the 2 groups (P = .543). At present, chronic lower respiratory diseases are the leading cause of death, followed by malignant neoplasms. Although the number of deaths and ASMR in SLE combined with HF is relatively low, it shows a slow upward trend overall. Therefore, for patients with this disease, medical workers should be vigilant, provide timely diagnosis and treatment, and further reduce the mortality rate.
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