ArticleScientific reports2025
Beam-steering of a single-element nano-antenna with two transferring dielectric flat lenses.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A novel idea for mechanical beam-steering based on a single hybrid plasmonic nano-antenna (NA) with transferring lenses is presented in this research. Two inhomogeneous rectangular dielectric flat lenses modelled with different materials are used in the switched-beam nano-antenna (NA) to boost and steer radiation in a specific direction by shifting each lens. Firstly, a hybrid plasmonic NA design with two movable lenses is shown. Electromagnetic full-wave simulations examine the performance of this device, and the complete system is numerically evaluated. A conventional elliptical patch NA without lenses produces a gain of up to 10.7 dBi and a return loss of - 14.41 dB. The design with two gradient-index dielectric flat lenses is introduced to enhance antenna performance by improving gain while minimizing beam width. Furthermore, the beam-steering capabilities by displacement of the two lenses according to different positions of lenses along the X and Y-direction. By using the two gradient-index dielectric flat lenses, the gain is increased to 20.3 dBi with an improvement in the return loss reach to -24.9 dB compared with traditional NA. In addition, the beam-steering capabilities were achieved with a range ± 45° × ± 40° with acceptable average antenna gain, side-lobe levels, and half power beam-width of 18 dBi, - 7.4 dB and 10.7° respectively. Moreover, the PSO algorithm is provided to maximize the pre-specified fitness function.
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