SynthesisAsia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition2025
Effect of dietary carbohydrate intake on glycaemic control and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute Effects ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Nutrition recommendations for people with diabetes (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Targeting Insulin Resistance Through Nutrition: Pathophysiological Insights and Dietary Interventions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Dietary proteins, amino acids and insulin resistance: a mini review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate the dose-response relationship between dietary carbohydrate consumption and the improvement of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in indi-viduals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following an intensive dietary intervention. METHODS AND STUDY
designRandomized controlled trials published up to December 2023 were systematically reviewed from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Primary outcomes included: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose (FG); and secondary outcomes included: BMI, fasting insulin (FI), Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). We performed a random-effects dose-response meta-analysis to estimate mean differences (MDs) for each 10% reduction in carbohydrate intake.
resultsA total of 38 articles were analyzed, encompassing 2,831 total par-ticipants. Compared to the highest recorded carbohydrate intake (65%), reducing carbohydrate intake to 5% showed that for every 10% decrease, the following improvements were observed: HbA1c (MD: 0.39%; 95%CI: -0.5 to -0.28%), FG (MD: 0.55 mmol/L; 95%CI: -0.82 to -0.28 mmol/L), BMI (MD: -0.83 kg/m2; 95%CI: -1.27 to -0.38 kg/m2), FI (MD: -2.19 pmol/L; 95%CI: -3.64 to -0.73 pmol/L), HOMA-IR (MD: -1.53; 95%CI: -3.09 to 0.03).
conclusionsReducing dietary carbohydrate intake significantly improves glycemic control and insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes. A linear reduction in carbohydrate intake was observed, with significant effects occurring within the first 6 months of the intervention. However, these effects diminished beyond this period. Notably, the improvements in glycemic parameters were not significantly affected by whether calorie restriction was implemented.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.