ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2025
Immunosuppressive Cytokine-Tethered Hydrogel for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydrogels as Local Structural-Protective Platforms in Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Evidence-Graded Review Across the Synovium-Cartilage-Bone Axis.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Smart Hydrogel for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-mediated immunomodulation and targeted delivery: breakthroughs and challenges in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive Cytokine-Tethered Hydrogel for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Current therapies primarily rely on general immune suppression, often leading to suboptimal outcomes and significant side effects. To address these challenges, an interleukin-4 (IL-4)-tethered, hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel is developed that withstands repeated mechanical stress in the joint space while fostering an immunomodulatory environment. The immunosuppressive hydrogel promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, creating an anti-inflammatory microenvironment while preserving cartilage and mitigating joint damage. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel are carefully optimized for injectability and intra-articular application. Its effectiveness is evaluated in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, demonstrating potential as a localized therapeutic approach. It is believed that this IL-4-tethered hydrogel platform will provide a foundation for the combinatorial treatment of RA and various inflammatory diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.