Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40417427›Full record

ArticleJournal of eye movement research2025

Age-Related Differences in Visual Attention to Heritage Tourism: An Eye-Tracking Study.

Linlin Yuan, Zihao Cao, Yongchun Mao, Mohd Hafizal Mohd Isa, Muhammad Hafeez Abdul Nasir

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of eye movement research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Linlin YuanSchool of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Malaysia; yuanlinlin@student.usm.my.
Zihao CaoSchool of the Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Malaysia; caozihao@student.usm.my.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-3065
Yongchun MaoSchool of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Malaysia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1962-2686
Mohd Hafizal Mohd IsaFaculty of Built Environment, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; hafizal.isa@um.edu.my.
Muhammad Hafeez Abdul NasirSchool of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town 11800, Malaysia; yuanlinlin@student.usm.my.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-3475

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the rising significance of visual marketing, differences in how tourists from various age groups visually engage with tourism promotional materials remain insufficiently studied. This study recruited 48 participants and used a quasi-experimental design combined with eye-tracking technology to examine visual attention, scan path patterns, and their relationship to reading performance among different age groups. Independent t-tests, correlation analyses, and Lag Sequential Analysis were conducted to compare the differences between the two groups. Results indicated that elder participants had significantly higher fixation counts and longer fixation durations in text regions than younger participants, as well as higher perceived novelty scores. A positive correlation emerged between text fixation duration and perceived novelty. Additionally, elder participants showed greater interaction between text and images, while younger participants exhibited a more linear reading pattern. This study offers empirical insights to optimize tourism promotional materials, highlighting the need for age-specific communication strategies.

Indexed as

age differenceseye trackingheritage marketingheritage tourisminformation processing

Identifiers

PMID40417427
PMCPMC12101310

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.