Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40417370›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2025

Case Report: Acute lead poisoning from bullet ingestion in a captive cheetah (

Catherine Hauw, Anne Schmidt-Küntzel, Ana F Basto, John Yabe, Niall McCann, María Díez-León, Laurie Marker

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Catherine HauwRoyal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Anne Schmidt-KüntzelCheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia.
Ana F BastoCheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia.
John YabeSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Niall McCannDefend, London, United Kingdom.
María Díez-LeónRoyal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Laurie MarkerCheetah Conservation Fund, Otjiwarongo, Namibia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The case study describes a suspected instance of lead poisoning in a cheetah in Namibia. While lead toxicity is well-documented in carnivorous birds, this case study is only the second of two publications on lead poisoning in cheetahs. Furthermore, we included the first video documentation of acute lead poisoning in this species, showcasing neurological signs of heightened excitability, arched back, raised tail, and excessive salivation. The cheetah died within 48h of first report of clinical signs and post-mortem examinations revealed a bullet in the cheetah's stomach and extensive organ necrosis with multifocal hemorrhages in hepatic and renal tissues. The ingestion of the bullet likely resulted from the feeding of a game-meat carcass which was hunted with lead-ammunition. The cheetah's liver and kidney samples contained lead levels of 38.25 and 56.03 mg/kg dry weight, respectively, consistent with acute lead poisoning. Furthermore, bone lead was shown to be of 1.44 mg/kg dry weight suggesting additional non-lethal chronic exposure. This case highlights the challenges of wildlife management associated with lead ammunition use, particularly in the context of carcass feeding, a common practice for captive carnivores in southern Africa.

Indexed as

acute lead poisoningbone lead concentration (BLC)cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus)dietary lead exposurelead ammunitionleopard (Panthera pardus)meat contaminationwildlife management

Identifiers

PMID40417370
PMCPMC12100490

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.