ArticleMarine life science & technology2025
Macrophage and mitochondrion dual-targeting astaxanthin nanoparticles prepared by Maillard reaction for colonic inflammation alleviation.
Article in Marine life science & technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
This study demonstrated the design of whey protein isolate (WPI)-mannose (Man) conjugates with triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) through self-assembly to prepare macrophage and mitochondrion dual-targeting astaxanthin (AXT) nanoparticles (AXT@TPP-WPI-Man). The nanoparticles displayed spherical structures with a well-dispersed size of approximately 206.1 ± 39.2 nm, with good biocompatibility, stability, and targeting capabilities. In vitro experiments demonstrated the specific accumulation of AXT@TPP-WPI-Man in mitochondria and exhibited good targeting ability toward macrophages. The AXT@TPP-WPI-Man effectively reduced reactive oxygen species and preserved the normal mitochondrial membrane potential. The AXT@TPP-WPI-Man treated ulcerative colitis mice exhibited a 52.32% increase in colon length with significant improvement in weight loss, disease activity index scores, and reduced release of inflammatory cytokines. Immunofluorescence staining indicated AXT@TPP-WPI-Man alleviated ulcerative colitis by reducing M1 polarization in colonic macrophages while promoting M2 polarization. The dual-targeting AXT@TPP-WPI-Man has the potential to improve astaxanthin bioavailability, presenting a promising delivery method for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00255-9.
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