ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
Frequency of hyperkalemia during optimization of guideline-directed medical therapy in ambulatory patients with HFrEF.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The frequency of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) receiving a high percentage of quadruple guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) has not been described extensively. The consequences of hyperkalemia on modifications in GDMT have not been fully addressed in patients receiving quadruple therapy. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of outpatients with HFrEF treated at a specialized heart failure clinic. A case-by-case retrospective review of patients fulfilling the selection criteria was conducted by dedicated personnel. The main exposure was the occurrence of hyperkalemia at any visit, and the primary outcome was the modification in GDMT following hyperkalemia. Results: We included 1,279 medical encounters from 500 unique patients. Over a mean follow-up of 11 ± 7 months (2.6 ± 0.9 visits), the proportion of patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, beta-blockers, spironolactone, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), and quadruple therapy increased to 98.6%, 99.0%, 97.4%, 93%, and 89.6%, respectively ( Conclusions: Hyperkalemia >5.0 mmol/L is highly prevalent in patients with HFrEF receiving quadruple GDMT. Even with mild hyperkalemia, discontinuation of MRAs remains the primary strategy for managing this complication.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.