ArticleActa Cardiologica Sinica2025
Antibacterial Envelope Prevents Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections: The Largest Asia Real World Data.
Article in Acta Cardiologica Sinica, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The first human pocket histology at an eight-week cardiac implantable electronic device with absorbable antibacterial envelope: case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is a serious complication of CIED therapy and has been associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The use of an absorbable antibiotic-eluting envelope (TYRX Methods: A total 456 patients underwent CIED procedure from January 2022 to June 2023, including initial implantation, generator replacement, upgrade, or revision. There were 154 patients in the envelope group and 302 patients in the control group, all of whom received our standard infection prophylaxis care. Patient demographics and CIED complications during serial clinical follow-ups were analyzed. Results: Both groups demonstrated comparable characteristics including age, sex, body mass index, CIED type, and left ventricular ejection fraction. More of the envelope group were receiving dialysis (Envelope vs. Control: 13.6% vs. 7.0%, p = 0.015), anticoagulant therapy (Envelope vs. Control: 35.7% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.048), and had a longer procedure time (Envelope vs. Control: 83.4 ± 40.3 vs. 70.4 ± 31.7 minutes, p = 0.0002). CIED-related infections occurred in none of the envelope patients and 4 of the control patients (0% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.19; Kaplan-Meier estimate 0% vs. 2.02%, hazard ratio: 0.24, 95% confidence interval: 0.03-2.03, p = 0.19). Two patients reported allergic reactions to the envelope. Conclusions: The envelope group had a higher risk of CIED infections but similar infection rate , compared with the control group. However, the envelope group had a slightly longer procedure time and possibly an increased risk of allergic reaction.
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