ReviewCureus2025
Effectiveness of Neuromodulation in Postoperative Pain Management Following Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Review
- Supraspinal Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Stimulation in Pain Mitigation: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Postoperative analgesia following spinal surgical interventions continues to present a formidable challenge, particularly due to the high prevalence of lumbar spine surgeries and the inherent risks linked to opioid-based analgesic strategies. Neuromodulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality for the management of pain associated with these procedures. A systematic review was undertaken to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effectiveness of neuromodulation techniques in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgeries for postoperative pain relief. A comprehensive search of online databases was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Randomized controlled trials investigating neuromodulation for postoperative pain relief following lumbar spinal surgery were included. Primary outcomes studied were opioid consumption and pain intensity scores. Through a systematic review, a limited selection of studies exploring neuromodulation techniques in patients undergoing lumbar spinal surgeries for postoperative pain relief was identified. Existing literature suggests potential benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in reducing opioid consumption and alleviating postoperative pain. In individual randomized control trials within the review, TENS resulted in a 62% reduction in opioid use compared to sham, while motor/prefrontal tDCS had mixed results across trials. Findings from the studies suggest non-invasive neuromodulation techniques may potentially reduce postoperative opioid requirements after lumbar spine surgery. The smaller pool of available studies highlights a significant gap in research on neuromodulation for postoperative pain, especially for the lumbar surgery population. Further high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed to investigate their functions within clinical practice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.