Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40415606›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of nutrition2025

Temporal meal patterns in the Swedish population and associations with socio-demographic variables and nutrient intakes: a cross-sectional study.

Jenny Schultz, Lotta Moraeus, Anna Karin Lindroos, Eva Warensjö Lemming

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jenny SchultzDepartment of Food studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0955-8807
Lotta MoraeusDivision for Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5479-4948
Anna Karin LindroosDepartment of Food studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-4300
Eva Warensjö LemmingDepartment of Food studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Timing of food intake seems to impact metabolism and circadian rhythms, and eating in synchronisation with the rhythms has been suggested to be favourable for health. This study aims to evaluate temporal meal patterns in the Swedish population and explore differences between population groups. Further, to investigate whether temporal meal patterns are associated with energy and nutrient intake, data were sourced from two national dietary surveys Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-2017 and Riksmaten Adults 2010-2011, with a total of 4763 participants. Food intake and temporal meal patterns were measured with 3- to 4-day food diaries and/or 24-hour recalls. The average meal frequency was 4·2 eating occasions (sd 0·9) per day for adolescents with an eating window of 11·9 h (sd 1·7). For adults, it was 4·6 (sd 1·1) eating occasions and an eating window of 12·0 h (sd 1·9) Meal frequency was positively associated with energy intake in both adolescents (

Indexed as

DietFeeding BehaviorMealsNutrientsAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesDiet RecordsDiet SurveysEnergy IntakeFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSociodemographic FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsNutrientsChrononutritionMeal frequencyMeal patternsMeal timingNutrient intake

Identifiers

PMID40415606
PMCPMC12237699

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.