ArticleJournal of biomedical science2025
Adjunctive beneficial effect of c-di-GMP, a STING agonist, in enhancing protective efficacy of TLR4-adjuvanted tuberculosis subunit vaccine formulations.
Article in Journal of biomedical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The cGAS-STING pathway: mechanistic basis, dual biological functions and translational therapeutic advances.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Antigen 85B ofVaccines · 2026Review
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- An ESAT-6-convergent prime-boost vaccination combining recombinant BCG expressing Mycobacterium marinum ESX-1 and ESAT-6/GLA-SE improves TB protection.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact and applications of cyclic di-GMP second messenger signaling in biotechnology and medicine.Sustainable microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEffective subunit vaccine development requires selecting appropriate adjuvant formulations to trigger desired adaptive immune responses. This study explores the immunogenicity and tuberculosis (TB) vaccine potential of antigens (Ags) combined with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) adjuvants and a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist.
methodsIn this work, we investigated the combination of Ags with TLR4 adjuvants (monophosphoryl lipid A / dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide; MPL/DDA or glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion; GLA-SE) and a STING agonist, c-di-GMP (CDG). Mice were immunized three times by intramuscular injections at 3-week intervals. The effects of integrating Ags in these adjuvant formulations on the immune response were evaluated, focusing on the generation of Th1-biased, polyfunctional Ag-specific CD4
resultsIntegrating ESAT6 Ag in TLR4 and CDG adjuvant formulations remarkably boosted Th1-biased, polyfunctional ESAT6-specific CD4
conclusionsThis study highlights that CDG, when used in combination with TLR4 adjuvants, enhances long-term protective immunity, offering a promising strategy for subunit TB vaccine development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.