Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40414866›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2025

Impact of indoor residual spraying on malaria incidence in Ugandan prisons: an interrupted time series analysis.

Joseph Byaruhanga, James Kisambu, Adoke Yeka, Arthur Bagonza

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Joseph ByaruhangaResearch Center for Tropical Diseases and Vector Control, Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinical and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. jbyaruhanga01@gmail.com.
James KisambuDepartment of Health Services, Uganda Prison Services, P.O. Box 7182, Kampala, Uganda.
Adoke YekaDepartment of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Arthur BagonzaDepartment of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIndoor residual spraying (IRS) is an effective intervention for reducing mosquito vector density and malaria transmission. Uganda Prison Services (UPS) routinely implements IRS for malaria control in main prison facilities; however, no assessment of its impact had been performed. The study assessed the general malaria incidence trends for 5 years and determined the impact of IRS on malaria incidence in the main prison facilities in Uganda.

methodsThis was a cross-sectional study which employed interrupted time series analysis to determine the effect of IRS programme on malaria incidence in prisons located in two different regions of Uganda. The malaria incidence trends of two prison facilities per region (in similar settings) were compared, one being an IRS intervention facility and the other being a comparison facility (did not receive an IRS) over 5 years (2018-2022) in the central and northern regions of Uganda.

resultsA total of 208 monthly malaria reports from all selected facilities (4) were reviewed. The peak malaria incidence rate was recorded from September to December across the years in both regions. The lowest incidence rate was recorded from January to March. The average monthly malaria incidence rate for the study period was much lower among the intervention facilities (7.1 and 13.3 cases per 1000 population per month for the central and northern regions, respectively) than among the comparison facilities (177.0 and 170.6 cases per 1000 population per month for the central and northern regions, respectively). The post-IRS intervention periods had lower malaria incidence rates than the pre-IRS periods across the intervention facilities in both regions. The IRS intervention had a statistically significant effect on reducing the malaria incidence rate in the intervention facility located in the northern region (slope: P = 0.001, CI [21.9, 67.7]).

conclusionIndoor residual spraying reduced the malaria incidence rate among the intervention facilities in both regions, but a significant impact was recorded in the northern region, which is a region with higher malaria transmission rates than the central region. In situations of limited resources, IRS implementation should prioritize prisons located in high malaria transmission areas to achieve significant impacts.

Indexed as

InsecticidesMalariaMosquito ControlPrisonsCross-Sectional StudiesHumansIncidenceInterrupted Time Series AnalysisMosquito VectorsUgandaInsecticidesEffectIndoor residual sprayingMalaria incidence ratePrisonsUganda

Identifiers

PMID40414866
PMCPMC12105299

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.