Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40413790›Full record

Trial reportArchives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists2025

Enhancing Interpretation of Cognitive Changes in Alzheimer's Intervention Trials: Application of Standardized Regression-Based Change Scores.

Marta Stojanovic, Breanne S Baker, Ray Urbina, Michelle Gray, Andrew M Kiselica

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Marta StojanovicDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Box 1125, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
Breanne S BakerSchool of Kinesiology, Applied Health, and Recreation, Oklahoma State University, 180 Colvin Center, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Ray UrbinaDepartment of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Dr, Suite 308, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Michelle GrayDepartment of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, 155 Stadium Dr, Suite 308, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Andrew M KiselicaInstitute of Gerontology, University of Georgia, 102 Spear Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

Funding

Training Core (I)U54AG063546 · NIA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI JASON H KARLAWISH · 2019 to 2026
$125.9M
AI + Aging (a2) Coordinating Center for the NIA Artificial Intelligence and Technology Collaboratories for Aging Research (AITCs)U24AG073094 · NIA · ROSE LI AND ASSOCIATES, INC. · PI LEE, ALBERT, LI, ROSE MARIA · 2021 to 2025
$5.1M
Digital multidomain lifestyle intervention to address cognitive health and modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's diseaseR44AG063672 · NIA · NEUROTRACK TECHNOLOGIES, INC. · PI GLENN, JORDAN · 2019 to 2022
$3.3M
NIA NIH HHS R44 AG063672NIA NIH HHS R44AG063672NIA NIH HHS U24AG073094NIA NIH HHS U54AG063546
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveInterpreting results from intervention trials for cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be complicated due to comparison to an active control group. In some cases, there are improvements in cognition across both conditions, but no between-condition differences. These results might indicate that both interventions positively impact cognition; conversely, improvements might be attributable to other factors, such as practice effects. One way to differentiate between these possibilities is to use standardized regression-based (SRB) change indices. We present an example of applying this technique to understand equivocal behavioral intervention trial results.

method214 participants (ages: 45-75) were randomly assigned to a 2-year health coaching or health education intervention to reduce AD risk and improve cognition.

resultsLinear mixed-effects models showed improvements in cognitive domains over time, without a differential treatment effect (p < 0.001). SRB change analyses showed that improvements on the Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status were likely not meaningful, with ≤5 participants demonstrating significant changes over time beyond what would be expected with no intervention.

conclusionsSRB indices provide a nuanced interpretation of results from behavioral intervention trials for improving cognition, which may translate into improved patient care decisions.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitionAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsRegression AnalysisBehavioral interventionsCognitionPractice effectsReliable changeRepeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological statusStandardized regression-based change indicesTreatment effect

Identifiers

PMID40413790
PMCPMC12540252

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.