Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40413613›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2025

One Size Does Not Fit All: The Need for Sex-Specific Precision Medicine in Diabetes Technology.

Stefanie Hossmann, Susanne Tan, Julia K Mader, David C Klonoff, Dawn Adams, Hanne Ballhausen, Lia Bally, Maria L Balmer, Vincent Braunack-Mayer, Anne Bonhoure and 24 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Technology in Diabetes: A Year in Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors.

Stefanie HossmannDiabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1600-5925
Susanne TanDepartment of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Ruhr University Hospital Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2692-8643
Julia K MaderDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.ORCID 0000-0001-7854-4233
David C KlonoffDiabetes Research Institute, Mills-Peninsula Medical Center, San Mateo, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6394-6862
Dawn AdamsSouthern Health and Social Care Trust, Southern College of Nursing, Craigavon Area Hospital, Portadown, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0002-1219-5445
Hanne BallhausenDiabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland.
Lia BallyDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1993-7672
Maria L BalmerDiabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0356-6352
Vincent Braunack-MayerDiabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland.
Anne BonhoureMontreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
David BurrenNascence BioMed, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Charlotte K BoughtonWellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3272-9544
Deniz CengizDiabetes Community, Regensburg, Germany.
Claudia EberleInternal Medicine and General Medicine, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
Chiara FabrisCenter for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7575-4622
Maya FriedmanTidepool, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Elke Fröhlich-ReitererDivision of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Tim GunnNascence BioMed, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Olga GusyatinerYpsomed AG, Burgdorf, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5909-6620
Theresa HastingsDiabetes Community, Regensburg, Germany.
Valentina V HuwilerDiabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland.
Saira Khan-GalloTidepool, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Carol J LevyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3492-2578
Othmar MoserDivision of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Aisling Ann O'KaneSchool of Computer Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Cameron KeighronUniversity of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Nick OliverDepartment of Metabolism, Diabetes and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Temiloluwa PrioleauComputer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Tanja ThyboDanish Diabetes Association, Glostrup, Denmark.ORCID 0009-0007-5448-1208
Jane YardleyMontreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-8761-7019
Thomas ZuegerDepartment of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-6190-7405
Gabriele Faber-HeinemannScience Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Lutz HeinemannScience Consulting in Diabetes GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2493-1304
Martina RothenbühlerDiabetes Center Berne, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8009-4104

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Incorporating sex-specific factors in diabetes research and treatment is essential for advancing precision medicine. There are critical gaps in understanding and applying sex-related differences. Female-specific diabetes pathophysiology manifests in three major areas: life cycle phases (including puberty, pregnancy, and menopause), lifestyle factors (such as responses to nutrition and physical activity), and insulin pharmacology. These elements significantly affect insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in women, yet are frequently underrepresented or ignored in both research and clinical practice. Greater research and clinical focus across these domains is needed to better understand and address sex-based differences in diabetes. Identifying and filling evidence gaps will support more systematic and effective care.

Indexed as

agingAID systemsCGMdiabetes managementdiabetes technologydiversityexercisefetal programmingmenopausemenstrual cyclenutritionpubertyreproductive healthsex diversitysex hormones

Identifiers

PMID40413613
PMCPMC12104206

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.