Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40413410›Full record

ArticleBMC plant biology2025

Transcriptional dynamics and functions of WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes from Ginkgo biloba in tissue culture.

Wei Xu, Ang Xu, Pingjun Xu, Jiaqi Li, Chao Luo, Xiaoming Yang, Meiling Ming, Yuhua Liu, Guibin Wang, Liangjiao Xue and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC plant biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Genome-Wide Characterization of thePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Wei XuState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Ang XuState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Pingjun XuState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Jiaqi LiState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Chao LuoState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Xiaoming YangState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Meiling MingState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Yuhua LiuJiangsu Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture & Forestry, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212400, China.
Guibin WangState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Liangjiao XueState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Fuliang CaoState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
Gaiping WangState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China. wanggaiping@njfu.edu.cn.
Fangfang FuState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China. fffu@njfu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFD2200601National Natural Science Foundation of China 32101559Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20200770
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn vitro regeneration presents significant challenges for the propagation and genetic improvement of most woody plants, particularly gymnosperms. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes are known to play vital roles as growth regulators in tissue culture regeneration in several plant species. However, the specific functions of WOX genes in the regeneration processes of gymnosperms had not been previously elucidated. This study aims to systematically identify and analyze the WOX gene family in Ginkgo biloba to understand its potential role in tissue culture regeneration.

resultsThirteen WOX genes from Ginkgo biloba, designated as GbWUS and GbWOXs, were systematically identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of nine genes in the WUSCHEL (WUS) clade, one in the intermediate clade, and three in the ancient clade. Transcriptome analysis indicated tissue-specific expression of seven GbWOXs, with two gymnosperm-specific GbWOXs characterized by extra-long introns exhibiting constitutive expression. Further investigation through Ginkgo tissue culture indicated that GbWOX2 was specifically expressed in embryos and facilitated callus induction, while GbWOX3A showed preferential expression during the early stages of embryo and callus development. Co-expression and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses suggested interactions and functional roles among GbWOXs. Three genes (GbWOX1, GbWOX2, and GbWOX3A) were then cloned and transformed into poplar and/or tobacco. Overexpression of GbWOX2 resulted in larger and denser callus formation, whereas GbWOX3A effectively enhanced shoot regeneration and noticeably increased the rate of adventitious shoot induction.

conclusionsThis study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the WOX gene family in Ginkgo biloba and highlights its significant role in tissue culture regeneration. The findings suggest that specific GbWOXs are critical for embryo development and callus regeneration, which provides the foundation for the establishment of effective tissue culture systems in Ginkgo. Moreover, this research contributes valuable insights that could be beneficial for improving propagation techniques and genetic studies in other forest trees, especially within the gymnosperm group.

Indexed as

Ginkgo bilobaGene Expression ProfilingGene Expression Regulation, PlantGenes, HomeoboxGenes, PlantHomeodomain ProteinsPhylogenyPlant ProteinsHomeodomain ProteinsPlant ProteinsGbWOXsGinkgo bilobaGymnospermIn vitro regenerationTissue culture

Identifiers

PMID40413410
PMCPMC12103009

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.