ArticleBMC plant biology2025
Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanisms underlying petal growth during the flower opening process in Phalaenopsis orchids.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Molecular mechanisms underlying floral trait formation inHorticulture research · 2026Article
- Transcriptome characterization and population genetics ofBiodiversity data journal · 2026Article
- Genome-wide analysis of expansin and aquaporin genes and their association with auxin-related metabolites during flower opening inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPhalaenopsis orchids, belonging to the Orchidaceae family, one of the largest groups of angiosperms, possess significant commercial value due to their fascinating flowers. Petal size is a vital trait that directly determines flower size and shape of Phalaenopsis. However, the genetic and developmental regulation of petal size in Phalaenopsis remains unexplored.
resultsIn this study, we tracked the petal growth pattern through five stages of flower opening, discovering that cell division stops at stage 2 and stages 3 to 5 are the critical periods of rapid petal expansion. RNA-seq was then conducted to further reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying petal size regulation. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the four comparable groups were both enriched in terms related to cell expansion. Endogenous hormone assays showed that auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin were implicated in the petal growth of Phalaenopsis. Moreover, six auxin signaling pathway genes, 11 cell expansion-related genes, and 30 transcription factors (TFs) identified through trend analysis were abundantly expressed during the critical period of petal expansion, suggesting that they may influence petal size by regulating cell expansion. In contrast, 18 TFs exhibited the highest expression levels at the S1 stage, indicating their potential role in petal cell proliferation. Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), six hub genes (PaLOF2, PaSWEET11, PaVNI2, PaHDA3, PaPMEI3, PaXTH30) were screened from the green and yellow module which was highly associated with the petal size.
conclusionOur results lay a foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms regulating petal size development and are significant for molecular breeding programs aimed at generating novel Phalaenopsis with desirable traits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.