Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40413236›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Fractional-order mathematical modeling of toxoplasmosis transmission dynamics with harmonic mean-type incidence rate.

Muhammad Asif, Ioan-Lucian Popa, Emad A A Ismail, Fuad A Awwad, Mosab Alqurashi, Umar Ishtiaq

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Muhammad AsifSchool of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, 4100083, China.
Ioan-Lucian PopaDepartment of Computing, Mathematics and Electronics, "1 Decembrie 1918" University of Alba Iulia, 15, 510009, Alba Iulia, Romania.
Emad A A IsmailDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P. O. Box 71115, 11587, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Fuad A AwwadDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P. O. Box 71115, 11587, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mosab AlqurashiDepartment of Quantitative Analysis, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P. O. Box 71115, 11587, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Umar IshtiaqOffice of Research, Innovation and Commercialization, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan. umarishtiaq000@gmail.com.

Funding

Researcher Supporting Project, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia RSPD2025R576
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mathematical modeling is an effective tool for understanding and predicting certain endemic diseases. Toxoplasmosis gondii (T. gondii) is an endemic disease that is transmitted to human by contact with infected cats. T. gondii can cause a lot of diseases in human body and also affects the human body parts. In this study we have constructed a mathematical model to understand the transmission and control of this disease by utilizing the harmonic mean-type incidence rate which is more effect than other incidence rates. We calculated the disease-free equilibria, endemic equilibria and then basic reproduction number which is important to understand the disease reduction from the population. Sensitivity analysis of reproduction number presents the effect of parameters on disease transmission. To generalize the traditional integer-order model to a fractional framework, the Atangana-Baleanu fractional-order derivative is employed. The fractionalized model is both existent and unique. The fractional version of the proposed model is numerically analyzed using the Atangana-Toufik method. Results present that by increasing the value of the treatment rate, there is a decline in the disease in the population.

Indexed as

Models, TheoreticalToxoplasmosisAnimalsBasic Reproduction NumberCatsHumansIncidenceModels, BiologicalToxoplasmaInfectious diseaseMathematical modelingSensitivity analysisToxoplasmosis gondiiTwo-species population

Identifiers

PMID40413236
PMCPMC12103611

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