Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40413125›Full record

ArticleUltrasound in medicine & biology2025

Comparative Analysis of Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Lagrangian Wall Strain in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Using Ultrasound.

Maxwell J Kiernan, Carol Mitchell, Yurim Lee, Yimeng Dou, Zhiwei Zhang, Erica Fletcher, Kristin Hansen, Mark Kliewer, Matthew H Lee, James H Stein and 3 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Ultrasound in medicine & biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. 3D Freehand Ultrasound Reconstruction of the Carotid Artery.Ultrasound in medicine & biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Lagrangian deformation tracking for strain imaging.Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Maxwell J KiernanDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: mkiernan2@wisc.edu.
Carol MitchellDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Yurim LeeDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Yimeng DouDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Zhiwei ZhangDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Erica FletcherDepartment of Regional Services, UW Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Kristin HansenDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Mark KliewerDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Matthew H LeeDepartment of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
James H SteinDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Claudia KorcarzDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Timothy HessDepartment of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Tomy VargheseDepartment of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Funding

Early Detection of Vascular Dysfunction Using Biomarkers from Lagrangian Carotid Strain ImagingR01HL147866 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI VARGHESE, TOMY · 2020 to 2023
$2.9M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147866
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study examines the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), carotid artery wall strain indices measured via ultrasound, and their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a low CVD risk population.

methodsEighty healthy volunteers (median age 35 y, 50% female) underwent carotid ultrasound imaging for CIMT and strain indices. Participants' clinical data, including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and smoking status, were collected. Spearman Rho correlations assessed relationships between CIMT and strain indices. Multiple linear regression examined associations between strain indices and CVD risk factors, while Mann-Whitney U tests compared median differences between sexes. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.

resultsNo significant associations were seen between CIMT measurements and strain parameters. After adjustment for CVD risk factors, several strain indices were significantly associated with CVD risk factors. Age was inversely related to all strain parameters. SBP was significantly positively related to axial and shear strain. Hemoglobin A1c was significantly inversely related to most axial and shear strain (all p values <0.05). These relationships are consistent with previous findings in the literature. We also found that BMI was positively related to all strain parameters, which may be due to increased compliance with more gradual arterial remodeling.

conclusionStrain parameters remained significantly related to several CVD risk factors in fully adjusted models. All strain parameters are associated with age. Axial and shear parameters are associated with SBP and hemoglobin A1c. These findings suggest that strain measures may represent early mechanical changes in the arterial wall and have potential for use as a research tool to characterize arterial health.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCarotid Artery, CommonCarotid Intima-Media ThicknessAdultFemaleHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUltrasonographyCardiovascular healthCarotid arteryElastographyIMT

Identifiers

PMID40413125
PMCPMC12229774

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.