Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40412861›Full record

ReviewLancet (London, England)2025

Trachoma.

Esmael Habtamu, Emma M Harding-Esch, Katie Greenland, Teyil Wamyil-Mshelia, Sandra L Talero, Sailesh Kumar Mishra, Thomas M Lietman, Anthony W Solomon, Matthew J Burton

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Lancet (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Clinical characteristics andThe British journal of ophthalmology · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Laboratory detection methods for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children: a review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Esmael HabtamuClinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Eyu-Ethiopia, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: esmael.ali@lshtm.ac.uk.
Emma M Harding-EschClinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Katie GreenlandDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Teyil Wamyil-MsheliaSightsavers Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria.
Sandra L TaleroNeglected, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases Unit, Communicable Diseases and Environmental Determinants of Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC, USA.
Sailesh Kumar MishraNepal Netra Jyoti Sangh, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Thomas M LietmanFrancis I Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Anthony W SolomonGlobal Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Matthew J BurtonClinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 206275Wellcome Trust 207472Wellcome Trust 221991World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trachoma, the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide, is one of several neglected tropical diseases targeted by WHO for elimination by 2030. The disease starts in childhood with repeated episodes of conjunctival Chlamydia trachomatis infection. This infection is associated with recurrent conjunctivitis (active trachoma), which, if left untreated, leads to cicatricial trachoma characterised by scarring of the conjunctiva, and potentially in-turned eyelashes (trachomatous trichiasis) in later life. Trachoma mainly affects the poorest and most rural communities; these populations typically have limited access to water and hygiene facilities. Blinding complications are most common in women who, in many cultures, act as caregivers from a young age for infected children. To eliminate trachoma as a public health problem, programmes implement a package of interventions known as SAFE; namely, surgery to treat trachomatous trichiasis, antibiotic mass drug administration to treat infection, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement to limit transmission. The SAFE strategy has brought considerable success in the last two decades. As of December, 2024, 21 countries have eliminated the disease, and several others are on track to eliminate it soon. However, persistent and recrudescent active trachoma in some populations might challenge the success of the 2030 global elimination target. In such settings, novel, or more intensive, approaches must be promptly developed, tested, and scaled up to accelerate elimination.

Indexed as

TrachomaAnti-Bacterial AgentsBlindnessChildChlamydia trachomatisGlobal HealthHumansNeglected DiseasesTrichiasisAnti-Bacterial Agents

Identifiers

PMID40412861
PMCPMC7618282

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.